华北克拉通东部地块中生代变形的关键时限及其对构造的制约——以胶辽地区为例   总被引：26，自引：9，他引：26  

李三忠刘建忠  赵国春吴福元韩宗珠  杨中柱 《岩石学报》2004,20(3):633-646

胶辽地块是华北克拉通东部地块的重要组成,处于北倾的大别-苏鲁构造带的上盘。过去近十年来提出的几个关于东北亚构造演化的重要构造模型涉及到了胶辽地块。本文主要利用我们在辽东半岛南部地区获得的SHRIMP U-Pb锆石定年结果,结合华北克拉通东部野外地质调查的野外第一手资料、我们获得的渤海湾盆地中的中生代构造资料以及其它研究人员的SHRIMP定年资料,系统建立华北克拉通东部地块中生代的构造变形过程,并讨论相关构造模型或构造问题。最近SHRIMP定年研究发现,胶辽地块中古元古代地质体经历了～160 Ma的重熔事件。CL和BSE图象显示,在辽南新太古宙地块附近丹东花岗岩体的两个样品LJ023和LJ030中发现一些167～157Ma的自形岩浆锆石和围绕年龄大约为2100 Ma核部锆石的岩浆型锆石环带。这次重熔事件很可能为华北克拉通的下地壳原地重熔。丹东岩体呈NE走向排列,经历了强烈的近水平韧性剪切变形和随后NNE走向的褶皱变形。本文以丹东地区为例,准确确定了这些变形的年龄。根据辽东半岛东西向剪切带中白云母K-Ar和~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄,第一幕变形界定在195～193 Ma之间。根据野外侵入体与变形叶理之间的关系,丹东花岗岩遭受的第二幕变形发生于153～145Ma之间。第三幕变形,也即为NNE向走滑作用,约束在135Ma～95Ma  相似文献   

红砂岩高陡岩质边坡稳定性分析及治理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

倪俊 《岩土力学》2004,25(6):981-983

充分利用边坡失稳前自身抗滑能力进行高陡边坡治理，结合工程实例，提出了主动性公路边坡治理的思路。分别利用极限平衡法和有限元数值法，综合考虑了两种方法的优缺点，对红砂岩高陡边坡进行了全面的稳定性分析，并针对性地提出了经济合理的治理方案。  相似文献   

Sequence of faulting and deformation during the 2000 eruptions of the Usu Volcano, Hokkaido, Japan—interpretation and image analyses of aerial photographs     

Hiromitsu Yamagishi  Tsukasa Watanabe  Fumiaki Yamazaki 《Geomorphology》2004,57(3-4):353-365

Significant faulting and deformation of the ground surface has been rarely known during volcanic eruptions. Usu Volcano, Hokkaido, Japan, is a unique example of deformation due to felsic magma intrusion. Usu Volcano has a history of such types of eruptions as phreatic, pumice eruption (Plinian type), pyroclastic flowing and lava doming since 1663. On March 31, 2000, phreatomagmatic to phreatic eruptions took place after 23 years of dormancy in the western piedmont, followed by explosions on the western flank of Usu Volcano. They were associated with significant deformation including faulting and uplift. The eruptions and deformation were continuing up to the end of May 2000.We identified the faulting using total nine sets of aerial photographs taken from before the eruption (March 31, 2000) to more than 1 year (April 27, 2001) after the end of the activity, and traced deformation processes through image processing using aerial photographs. We found that some of the new faults and the associated phreatic eruptions were related to old faults formed during the 1977–1981 eruptive episode.The image processing has revealed that the surface deformation is coincident with the area of faulting forming small grabens and the phreatic explosion vents. However, the faulting and main explosive eruptions did not take place in the highest uplift area, but along the margin. This suggests that the faulting and explosive activities were affected by small feeder channels diverging from the main magma body which caused the highest uplift.  相似文献   

2003年2月14日石河子M5.4地震地形变异常及其演化分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨又陵  张翼 《内陆地震》2005,19(3):241-248

分析了新疆石河子M5.4地震前震中250 km范围内定点形变的观测资料,认为从2002年5月到震前,单测项异常随时间起伏,多台异常在时间上连续发展并呈增加趋势,震前20天位于震中附近的台站出现临震突变;异常在空间呈现由西向东、由南向北,逐渐向震中区发展的态势.与1996年沙湾M5.2地震前的形变异常进行比较,认为存在较大的差异.  相似文献   

Developing efficient scalar and vector intensity measures for IDA capacity estimation by incorporating elastic spectral shape information     

Dimitrios Vamvatsikos  C. Allin Cornell 《地震工程与结构动力学》2005,34(13):1573-1600

Scalar and vector intensity measures are developed for the efficient estimation of limit‐state capacities through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) by exploiting the elastic spectral shape of individual records. IDA is a powerful analysis method that involves subjecting a structural model to several ground motion records, each scaled to multiple levels of intensity (measured by the intensity measure or IM), thus producing curves of structural response parameterized by the IM on top of which limit‐states can be defined and corresponding capacities can be calculated. When traditional IMs are used, such as the peak ground acceleration or the first‐mode spectral acceleration, the IM‐values of the capacities can display large record‐to‐record variability, forcing the use of many records to achieve reliable results. By using single optimal spectral values as well as vectors and scalar combinations of them on three multistorey buildings significant dispersion reductions are realized. Furthermore, IDA is extended to vector IMs, resulting in intricate fractile IDA surfaces. The results reveal the most influential spectral regions/periods for each limit‐state and building, illustrating the evolution of such periods as the seismic intensity and the structural response increase towards global collapse. The ordinates of the elastic spectrum and the spectral shape of each individual record are found to significantly influence the seismic performance and they are shown to provide promising candidates for highly efficient IMs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Analysis of earth dams affected by the 2001 Bhuj Earthquake   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Raghvendra Singh  Debasis Roy  Sudhir K. Jain   《Engineering Geology》2005,80(3-4):282-291

An earthquake of magnitude of 7.6 (M_w 7.6) occurred in Bhuj, India on January 26, 2001. This event inflicted damages of varying extents to a large number of small to moderate size multi-zone earth dams in the vicinity of the epicenter. Some of the distress was due to the liquefaction of saturated alluvium in foundation. Liquefaction was relatively localized for the majority of these dams because the earthquake struck in the middle of a prolonged dry season when the reservoirs behind these dams were nearly empty and shallow alluvium soils underneath the downstream portions of the dams were partly dry. Otherwise, liquefaction of foundation soils would have been more extensive and damage to these dams more significant. Six such dams have been examined in this paper. Four of these facilities, Chang, Shivlakha, Suvi, and Tapar were within the 50 km of epicenter region. These dams underwent free-field ground motion with peak ground accelerations between 0.28g to 0.52g. Of these Chang Dam underwent severe slumping, whereas Shivlakha, Suvi, and Tapar Dams were affected severely especially over the upstream sections. Fatehgadh Dam and Kaswati Dam were affected relatively less severely. Foundation conditions underneath these dams were first examined for assessing liquefaction potential. A limited amount of subsurface information available from investigations undertaken prior to the earthquake indicates that, although the foundation soils within the top 2.0 to 2.5 m underneath these dams were susceptible to liquefaction, Bhuj Earthquake did not trigger liquefaction because of lack of saturation of these layers underneath the downstream portions of these dams. These dams were then analyzed using a simple sliding block procedure using appropriate estimates of undrained soil strength parameters. The results of this analysis for these structures were found to be in general agreement with the observed deformation patterns.  相似文献   

Slope stability evaluation using Back Propagation Neural Networks   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

H.B. Wang  W.Y. Xu  R.C. Xu 《Engineering Geology》2005,80(3-4):302-315

The Yudonghe landslide, located in western Hubei Province of China, consists of eastern and western subunits as well as a main landslide mass with upper and lower slip surfaces. As an important landslide close to Shuibuya Dam on the Qing River, its stability is crucial, as the slide might reactivate because of a change in ground-water level caused by filling of the Shuibuya Reservoir. Existing weakness zones, growth of ruptures, the downslope attitude of geologic strata, and water infiltration, which reduced the strength of rocks and soils, have been found to be the most important factors contributing to the Yudonghe landslide. With regard to the landslide processes, it can be noted that the original large-scale slide activity was due to erosion by the Qing River, the second sliding resulted from the fall of blocks from the head scarp, and the final activity was the growth of the eastern and western secondary slides. A base failure was the main type of slope movement, however, it was obvious that more than one sliding event occurred, as inferred from striations and fractures detected by microstructure analysis of soils along the failure surfaces. Slope instability was evaluated by the method of Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN), in which a four-layer BPNN model with five input nodes, two hidden layers, and two output nodes was constructed using a training data set of landslide samples throughout the Qing River area. The predicted results of this analysis showed that the factor of safety was 1.10, which indicates that the Yudonghe landslide is currently in a marginally stable condition.  相似文献   

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的金沙江流域沃达村巨型老滑坡形变分析     

冯文凯  顿佳伟  易小宇  张国强 《工程地质学报》2020,28(2):384-393

近年来突发性高位滑塌灾害日益频发,造成恶劣影响。这类地质灾害调查难度高、隐蔽性强,单靠群测群防和地质调查难以解决灾害的防治问题。随着雷达遥感卫星数据质量的不断提升,合成孔径干涉雷达测量(InSAR)中的SBAS-InSAR技术为特大型老滑坡灾前形变探测提供了新的技术途径。利用SBAS-InSAR技术对金沙江流域沃达村滑坡进行地表形变监测,获取了2017年3月30日至2019年9月28日内的形变结果,划定了强烈形变区(Ⅰ雷达)、均匀形变区(Ⅱ雷达),分析了滑坡复活区整体和局部滑塌地表形变速率、累积位移变化趋势和主裂缝形变情况。同时实地进行了工程地质调查和复核,发现老滑坡复活区变形迹象与SBAS-InSAR技术解译成果有着较好的一致性。表明SBAS-InSAR技术在复杂山区地质灾害监测预警领域有较为广阔的应用前景,为类似老滑坡监测预警提供了新的思路与借鉴。  相似文献   

Stability analysis of tunnels driven in jointed rocks by means of a homogenized limit analysis approach     

Samir Maghous  José E. B. Winiawer  Vanessa F. Pasa Dutra 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(18):2009-2032

Conceived as a potential alternative to the classical design methods employed for analyzing the stability of underground structures driven in jointed rocks, the homogenization approach stems from the heuristic idea that, from a macroscopic point of view, a rock mass cut by a network of joints may be perceived as a homogenized continuum. The strength properties of the latter can be theoretically obtained from the failure conditions of its individual constituents: rock matrix and joint interfaces. At the material level, the limit analysis reasoning is used in the context of homogenization to formulate the homogenized strength criterion of a jointed rock mass in the particular situation of a single set of parallel joints. As it could be expected, the obtained closed‐form expressions show the strength anisotropy induced by joint preferential orientation. The support functions (π functions) associated with the homogenized strength criterion are also determined in both plane strain and three‐dimensional cases. This criterion is then applied to the investigation of stability analysis of a tunnel excavated in a jointed rock mass. Upper bounds estimated of the stability factor are derived from the implementation of the kinematic approach directly on the homogenized underground structure. Finally, the approach is applied to analyze and discuss the collapse of the Pinheiros subway station (São Paulo, Brazil). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Why asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can lead to a sharp dissolution front in chemical dissolution of porous rocks?          下载免费PDF全文

Chongbin Zhao  B.E. Hobbs  A. Ord 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(15):1590-1602

The use of the asymptotic limit can greatly simplify the theoretical analysis of chemical dissolution front instabilities in fluid‐saturated rocks and therefore make it possible to obtain mathematical solutions, which often play a crucial role in understanding the propagation behavior of chemical dissolution fronts in chemical dissolution systems. However, there has been a debate in recent years that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity (i.e., the acid dissolution capacity number approaching zero) alone cannot lead to a sharp dissolution front of the Stefan type in the acidization dissolution system, in which the dissolvable minerals of carbonate rocks are chemically dissolved by the injected acid flow. The acid dissolution capacity number is commonly defined as the ratio of the volume of the carbonate rock dissolved by an acid to that of the acid. In this paper, we use four different proof methods, including (i) direct use of the fundamental concepts; (ii) use of the mathematical governing equations of an acidization dissolution system; (iii) use of the different time scaling approach; and (iv) use of a moving coordinate system approach, to demonstrate that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can indeed lead to sharp dissolution fronts of the Stefan type in acidization dissolution systems on a much larger time scale (than the dissolution time scale). Our new finding is that on the reaction time scale, the condition of the conventional time derivative of porosity approaching zero alone can ensure that the acidization dissolution front has a sharp shape of the Stefan type. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献